AET
Student’s Name:……………………………………………………Date:………………….
Mentor
I. Introduction
to Computer
Hardware…is a general term for the physical artifacts of technology that computes
and this refer to the physical parts of computer that can be seen and torched
e.g. keyboard, screen, monitor, visual-display unit, Mouse Printer, speaker and
Central Processing Unit (C.P.U). Of course, it is one that makes up computer
system
Central Unit…This is the part, which supervise, or monitoring execution of program
instruction.
Arithmetical and Logic Unit…..This part performs mathematically operation and
logical comparison.
Main Memory (Immediate Access Storage)
System Unit Software: -This is a software, which is need for the general
operation of the computes, that include the following; Operating System, System
Utility and Programming Language;
Operating system….is software that controls the operation of the computer. Is the first to
be loaded when the computer is turning on and the last to be closed before the
computer turning off / down.
System Utility…
Programming Language,
Compiler program,
Interpreter program,
Microsoft Windows Operating System: -
Version of Windows Operating System: -
Desktop features of windows operating system: -
a) Go to start menu, click on All Program Application tab
Sherman
And
for Africa Educational Trust (AET)’s PC-Tutorial guide in PDF file, please
right-click here to
open it in Hyperlink page.
I. Introduction
to Computer
Basically, what’s computer?.....”it is a devices
that computes especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high
speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores,
correlate, or otherwise processes information.” Or it has only
one Central Processing Unit (CPU) that performs most calculations and includes
a main memory chip, control unit and an arithmetic logic unit.”
Types of Computer
1) Micro-computer(PC)
2) Mini-computer/or
mid-range computer
3) Main
frame computer
4) Super
computer
Micro-computer
: ‘are most common type of computer in existence today, whether at work in
school or on the desk home.’ E.g, desktop computers, laptops/notebooks, palm
top computers, game consoles, PDA (stands for Personal Digital Assistant) ,
etc.
Mid-range or Mini-computers
“: is class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle range of the
computing spectrum: Main frame and Micro-computers, e.g higher end
architectural computers, IBM, HP computers, etc.”
Main-Frame Computer---‘are
computers capable of processing large amount of data entry quickly and are also
used in large institution such as government, banks, and large corporation,
etc.’
Super-Computer---‘are
used to process intense numerical calculations such as weather forcasting,
fluid dynamics, nuclear simulations, theoretical astro-physics and complex
scientific computation, etc.’
Advantages and Disadvantages of computer?
Advantage of Computer
Ø Stores
massive of data and quickly perform data computations
Ø Helps
users organize their files neatly
Ø Allows
Internet web-based networking such as be able to go into social networking
utility---facebook.com, twitter.com, Myspace.com, etc where users can
communicate with colleagues in the globe in a matter of second
Disadvantages of Computer
Ø Appears
to be costly, sometime hard to afford by users with lower income
Ø Destroys
social life since users happen to spend much time on computer until they forgot
to interact with people they used to keep them maintain balance
Ø Hurts
users’ eye sights due to radiation if they use it for long time
Ø Causes
pimples and wrinkles
Ø Causes
violation of privacy since hackers got into other users computers without
noticing
Hardware…is a general term for the physical artifacts of technology that computes
and this refer to the physical parts of computer that can be seen and torched
e.g. keyboard, screen, monitor, visual-display unit, Mouse Printer, speaker and
Central Processing Unit (C.P.U). Of course, it is one that makes up computer
system
Components of Computer
Ø Input
devices… > Keyboard, Mouse pad button, etc
Ø Output
devices…> Printer, projector, monitor, screen, Ethernet cable, etc.
Software….This
refers to various program uses. Software resides on the hardware without
software the hardware alone can not be used. It is the programs and
instructions used to run the system or computer meant to instruct computer on
what to do.
Input device…Are
targets in putting data in to the computer and they are important especially
when manipulation data are using computer e.g. Keyboard, mouse pad button,
track-boll, light pen, joy stick, etc.
Output Device…are
used to display information out in the computer e.g. Printers: Dot matrix,
laser-jet, inkjet, daisy-wheal, canon (B), projector; monitor, screen, ear plugs, USB drive, cable
ports, ethernet cable, speakers, flash drive or jump drive USB, random access
memory (RAM) drive, Power Supply cables, Sound cards, graphics card,
motherboard, hard drive, etc..
Application—‘is
a unit within a program that is made up of a single executable file or hundreds
of files, which includes additional software modules, configuration files and
also data files.’
Central Processing Unit
(CPU): this is the main central activity inside the computer which has been
categorically divided in to the parts namely:
a)
Central
Unit (CU)
b)
Arithmetical
and Logic Unit (ALU)
c)
Main
Memory Immediate Access Storage (MMIAS)
Central Unit…This is the part, which supervise, or monitoring execution of program
instruction.
Arithmetical and Logic Unit…..This part performs mathematically operation and
logical comparison.
Main Memory (Immediate Access Storage)
This is the part where
the program and working data are stored.
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System Unit Software: -This is a software, which is need for the general
operation of the computes, that include the following; Operating System, System
Utility and Programming Language;
Operating system….is software that controls the operation of the computer. Is the first to
be loaded when the computer is turning on and the last to be closed before the
computer turning off / down.
System Utility…
This is software, which
helps or facilitates the function of operating system. In other words software
give additional support to operating system to allow its function as required
without interference.
Programming Language,
Programming language allows the
user to write instruction for the computer. Most of the programming languages
are problems oriented. They are restricted to particular problem domain.
Example of programming language is as follow: C:/drive, D-drive, E-drive, etc.
Language Processor: -It
translates the user program in to machine code. There are two (2) types of
language processor namely Compiler and interpreter.
Compiler program,
It is translate the
user program in to machine sensitive area / code all at once provided, there is
no syntax error.
Interpreter program,
Interpreter is the
program, which translates and executes the source program once at a time. Some
time an interpreter is refer to as interactive language.
Microsoft Windows Operating System: -
Various version of
windows operating system have been developed by Giant software Company e.g.
micro soft co-operation base in USA
Version of Windows Operating System: -
Ø Windows 95
Ø Windows 98
Ø Windows 2000
(millennium edition)
Ø Windows XP (Home
Edition)
Ø Windows NT(New
Technology)
Ø Windows OS /
2.(Operating System)
Desktop features of windows operating system: -
Windows 95 – 98 and later version have similar
desktop feature which include the following icons: a small graphic, which
represents application or utility. An icon obstructs an idea about a program
that it represents.
II.) MICROSOFT WORD PROCESSING
Microsoft Word---‘
is a word processor designed by Microsoft corporation in the 1983 under the
name Multi-tool word for venix system. Other versions were inter-written for
IBM PCS running (1983), the APPLE Mac-Intosh (1984), and finally Microsoft
Windows was invented as late as in 1989.’
Ø When
you start a Word Processing, a new blank document is displayed on the screen.
Its name---Document1 on the title bar
Ø Each
new document that you create during a session in Word Processing is given a
temporary name following the Document1
format and your second document will be called Document2, the next Document3,
and so on.
For procedure on how to open a Microsoft word, go to
Start menu, click it and you will see All Program tab, point your
mouse pad pointer onto it, then follows the arrow until you see the Microsoft
Office tab from the task pane bar. Do not stop there, just keep
following the arrow right from the Microsoft Office until you got to Microsoft
Office packages and choose Microsoft word processing, the one with W-symbol,
not X-symbol, P-symbol nor a Key symbol for Microsoft access.
Uses of Headers and Footers
Ø Are
pieces of text or graphics that appears at the top and bottom of page
Ø For
procedure on how to get it, go to the view menu, click on header and
footer tab
Ø You
can also add page number (#) to a header or footer of the page and MS word processing will automatically insert the right
page number for you.
Creating of a Folder/or Binder
Ø For
procedure on how to get it, go to ‘My document’ icon and
double-click on that icon, and there should be a pop-up dialogue prompt window
on the screen. Click on ‘make a new
folder’ tab from the task pane and rename it after it pop-up on
your left side of the screen. You could also move and drag it onto to the desktop after renaming it.
Saving in a Folder of which you created
Ø Drag
a file or document and then drop a document you produced into a folder so that
you can use it whenever you need it
Saving of a Document: New and Existed Document
Ø Locate
your menu bar and click with your left mouse pad button on the word, ‘file’
menu and there you will see a ‘drop-down list’
Ø Move
your mouse pad pointer to ‘save as ‘ or ‘save’ tab from the task pane and then
click once with left mouse button
Ø Choose
where you want to put a document into whether under the Desktop, My
Document, Created folder, or on a flash drive USB from the drop-down list
arrow right there on the top of pop-up window prompt
Ø Rename
that document you wanted to save and finally click on either ‘save as’
or ‘save’ tab
Openning of File
Ø From
the file menu, click on Open tab and there the Open dialogue box
prompt window appear. Choose from the prompt window right from the
drop-down list depending on where documents were saved either under My document, Desktop, in a Flash drive
or anywhere---locate the right name of file you wanted to open from the prompt
and finally click on the Open tab button after you found your
appropriate documents to be used
Cut, Copy and Past features
1.
Three techniques on how to cut:
a.
Menu Cutting
b.
Right-Click Cutting
c.
Keyboard Cutting
a.) Menu-Cutting:----Highlight the text, you
wanted to cut. In the image below, the word ‘Dear Darling’ is selected. This is
a word we wanted to cut. Go to Clipboard file if you wanted to see it
and this is a home for cut, or copied documents to stay there temporarily. For
procedure on how to do it, from the menu-bar, after text is highlighted, click
on the ‘edit’ menu, and then select cut button tab from the standard tool bar.
Therefore, your highlighted document has gone.
b.) Right-Click Cutting---highlight the text
first you wanted to cut: Dear Darling
- Click
on the highlighted text with the right mouse button tab to get the pop-up
menu
- Choose
the ‘Dear Darling’ by clicking it with the left mouse pad button
c.) Keyboard Cutting---Highlight the word
first you wanted to cut. Hold down the Control Key on your keyboard.
Keep the Control key held down. Presses the letter X in the
keyboard and there your highlighted text will disappear.
For Copy---Click
on “edit” menu bar, and then select copy tab from the task pane
in the standard tool bar after you highlighted text. e.g Dear Darling. Move
your cursor or insertion point to the so-called new location
For Paste----From
the menu bar, click on the ‘edit’ menu from the standard toolbar and then
select ‘paste’ button tab from the task pan. Now, your text is reproduced to
the location you specified. E.g Dear Darling.
d.) Right-Click to Copy and Paste---Highlight
the text you wanted to either copy or paste. Click on the highlighted text with
the right mouse pad button. From the pop-up menu, click ‘copy’ button tab with
left mouse pad. Move your cursor to the place where you want to paste your
text. Click the new location with your right mouse pad button. From the pop-up
menu, click on the ‘paste’ with the left mouse pad button. Your text is pasted
to the new location
e.) Keyboard Copying and Pasting—Highlights
the text you wanted to copy and paste. Hold down the control (CTRL) key on your
keyboard. Your text is now copied. Move the cursor point to the place where you
wanted to paste your text. Press down letter (V) on your keyboard [control key
+ Letter V] short-cut for pasting.
Document Formatting
1) Bold
Text
----To make letters look much darker than their usual appearance e.g Sweet valley is located in the Western hemisphere
2) Italics
----To make text appear much skinner and slanted forward i.e Western Hemisphere
3) Underline
----(all stand for BIU)---to run straight lines under the selected text or
document, e.g. Western Hemisphere
4.) Setting fonts:
Font size and Font styles[(11-inches to 12-inches font point) is normal font
size for document]-----are used when formatting characters in Word. Of
course, Font size is the effect of which letters are differently smaller or
bigger. .e.g the smaller the font size point (8-point), the smaller the letter.
Or the bigger the font size, the bigger the letter in appearance, whereas the
Font style tends to have different effect. e.g go to font style gallery and
choose either Time New Roman or Arial for your text and you will notice
the different it entice depending on user discretion. For procedure, go to format
menu, and click on font tab. Finally click Ok if you are happy
to make a change
5.) Page Margins
---to change the margin setting, go to file menu from the formatting
toolbar, and choose Page set up—Select the Margin tab or edit the
margin field if required and finally click on Ok.
6.) Bulleted and Numbered text---of
course, you can add bullets or numbers automatically to your paragraphs.
To change the setting, go to format menu from the tool bar, and then
choose Bullets and Numbering and there should be dialogue box prompt
appearing. Finally click on Ok button.
How to Insert a Page
Break?
- -Click
on ‘insert menu’, from the bar and then from the drop-down list, click on
the ‘page break’ button and there dialogue box window prompt appears.
How to format your text
or documents with ‘Word Art’?
Ø Click
on the slanted blue letter A
in the ‘Drawing Tool bar’ and then the Word
Art dialogue box prompt appears.
Ø A
lot of different styles to choose from
Ø Select
a style and click it with your left mouse button
Ø You
can also change the font styles and font size point as you type them in your
document template
Ø You
can always click on ‘edit’ menu and then select ‘undo’ to go back to your
original letters
Clip Art
Ø Inserting
Clip Art
Ø Resizing
Clip Art
Ø Moving
Clip Art
Ø Text
Wrapping
Inserting Clip Art----The
first thing to do is type your text into a new blank document. So go ahead and
type the Dear Darling in your new blank document space when you have type all
that you can insert some clip art
Ø From
the menu bar, click on the ‘insert menu’ and go to ‘picture’ tab,
then select clip art picture from the drop-down list
Resizing Clip Art----Now,
you have inserted ‘clip art’, click on the image with left mouse pad button.
Hold down your left mouse pad button. Keep the left mouse pad button held down
and finally drag your mouse pad button to the right
Text Wrapping---Click
on the image. Or for procedure, go to Format menu bar and then select ‘picture’.
This will bring up the format picture dialogue box window prompt. Click on the
word ‘layout’ from the dialogue box prompt to bring layout tab strip
once more
Borders and Shading
Ø Click
on the Format menu and then select Borders and Shading. From the
dialogue box prompt and then click the shading tab strip and finally
select a fill in color for your background
Creating
of Table
Ø Click
where you wanted to create a table
Ø Click
‘insert table’ menu tab on the standard toolbar
Ø Select
the number of columns and rows from the drop-down list
Margins and/ or Orientation
Ø Go
to file menu and choose a Page set up
Ø Select
the Margin tab to set margins as required and finally click Ok
Spelling and Grammar
Ø Go
to the Tool menu bar, after you highlighted text or documents
Ø Choose
language and select set language tab to see whether it is already
set to English
Ø Click
Ok
To Deal With Spelling Errors
Ø Click
or either click on Ignore once, Ignore all, Auto-correct, Change tab
Ø Click
Add tab so that word can be added to the Dictionary and lastly click on Ok
Find and Replace
Ø Are
useful when working with longer files or documents
Ø Go
to ‘edit’ menu and choose Find and Replace tab to either locate
or replace text with new text
Ø And
finally click on Find Next to continue until you find what you wanted on
the Personal Computer(PCs) short-cut e.g Control key [CTRL] + F
Drawings
Ø Place
the insertion point or cursor where you wanted to drawing. For procedure, go to
Insert menu, and choose Picture. Select New drawing
Ø Create
your drawing objects or select one of the drawing tools
Ø Click
and drag to position the object
Showing and/or Hiding Tool Bars
Ø Right-click
on the tool bars
Ø Any
tool bars that are displaced have a tick symbol beside their names
Ø Click
on the name of the tool bar that you wish to show and hide
NB. If no tool bars are displayed, you can
use the view menu, instead to show again. Go to View menu bar,
and choose Tool bars. Click on the once that you wanted to show and you
can click on the customize tab to make some change in the dialogue
window prompt
Paragraph Spacing
Ø You
can control the amount of space before and after a paragraph in the format
paragraphs dialogue box prompt
Ø For
procedure, you go to Format menu, and choose Paragraph to open
the dialogue box
Ø Set
the spacing before and/or after by selecting
paragraph(s) ---double-space, single-space or multiple space, ---use the
split arrow to adjust the values or type the settings into the field
Ø Finally
click on Ok
View Options
Ø When
working in a document, there are several view options and some of those type
are: Normal
Ø For
procedure, you can go to View menu from the standard toolbar and choose
either Normal
Keyboard Short-Cut
Ø Using
keyboard short-cut is fascinating and any keys starting from A-to-Z plus the
Control key has function and below is the short-cut table using keyboard only
Hold-Down Control Key[CTRL] with one of the
letters starting from Letter A to Z
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Effects
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A
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Means Select All
Means Bold
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B
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C
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Means Copy
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D
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Means Depends upon the application; font dialogue
box (word); Fill down(Excel); Duplicate(in PowerPoint)
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E
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Means Centre Align
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F
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Means Find
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G
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Means Go to
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H
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Means Replace
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I
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Means Italics
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J
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Means Justify
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K
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Means Insert Hyperlink
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L
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Means left align
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M
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Means Left indent(word)
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N
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Means New file
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O
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Means Open file
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P
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Means print file
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Q
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Means Remove paragraph formatting(word)
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R
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Means Replace
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S
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Means Save File
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T
|
Means Hanging indent(word)
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U
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Means Underline
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V
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Means Paste
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W
|
Means Close active window
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X
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Mean Cut
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Y
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Means Repeat the last action
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Z
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Means Undo
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Computer Keyboard
Symbols and Shortcuts Continued
Functions Related to Files
Functions Related to Files
·
Ctrl + S = To save a
file
·
Ctrl + N = To create a
new document
·
Ctrl + O = To open an
existing file
·
Ctrl + P = To print a
file or folder
·
Ctrl + W = To close an
open file or folder
Functions Related to Paragraph Alignment (when
documents or texts is first selected)
·
Ctrl + J = To justify a
paragraph
·
Ctrl + L = To left align
a paragraph
·
Ctrl + R = To right
align a paragraph
·
Ctrl + E = To center
align a paragraph
Functions Related to Line Spacing (when text is
firs highlighted)
·
Ctrl + 1 = For single
line spacing
·
Ctrl + 2 = For double
line spacing
·
Ctrl + 5 = For 1 ½ line
spacing
Functions Related to Font Styles (when text is
first selected)
·
Ctrl + B = For bold
·
Ctrl + I = For Italic
·
Ctrl + U = To underline
Functions Related to Page Scrolling
·
Ctrl + Home = To reach
the top of the document
·
Ctrl + End = To reach
the bottom of the document
·
Ctrl + Page Up = To
reach the top of the page
·
Ctrl + Page Down = To
reach the bottom of the page
Functions Related to Editing
·
Ctrl + A = To select all
·
Ctrl + X = To cut
·
Ctrl + C = To copy
·
Ctrl + V = To paste
·
Ctrl + F = To find
·
Ctrl + H = To find and
release
·
Ctrl + Z = To undo
·
Ctrl + Y = To redo
Functions Using The Alt Key
·
Alt + 0176 = Degrees
·
Alt + 0162 = For the
symbol ¢
·
Alt + 0188 = For the
fraction ¼
·
Alt + 0189 = For the
fraction ½
·
Alt + 0190 = For the
fraction ¾
·
Alt + 0163 = For the
symbol £
·
Alt + 0169 = For the symbol
©
·
Alt + 0174 = For the
symbol ®
·
Alt + 0165 = For the
symbol ¥
·
Alt + 0177 = For the
symbol ±
·
Alt + 0247 = For the
symbol ÷
·
Alt + 0166 = For the
symbol ¦
·
Alt + 0149 = For the
symbol •
·
Alt + 0134 = For the
symbol †
·
Alt + 0227 = For the
symbol ã
·
Alt + 0151 = For the
symbol —
·
Alt + 0150 = For the
symbol –
More PC Keyboard Shortcuts
·
Windows Key + E = Opens
window explorer
·
Windows Key + F = Finds
files and folders
·
Windows Key + R = The
Run command is brought up
·
Window Key + Pause/Break
= Will take you to the systems profile
·
Windows Key + D = Helps
you toggle between the desktop and the other thing you are working on
·
F1 = For help
·
F7 = To check the
spelling
·
Shift + F7 = To go to
the thesaurus
·
F12 = To save as….
·
Alt + F4 = To exit the
program
·
Ctrl + Alt + Del
Printing----“It is always a good
idea to have a quick look at your document before you print it and you can do
this by clicking once on the Print Preview button on the standard
toolbar. If you are not happy and wish to make some changes before you
print it, close the preview window and go ahead to make the necessary
changes (Manning, pg 69).”
If you wish to print more
than one copy, you should click on File and then click on Print.
And there the dialogue box window will appear. You will see that the number in
the “Number of Copies” box is highlighted enabling you to overtype.
Type the number of copies you require. Then click Ok and your document
will be printed (Manning, pg 69).”
III.)
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Dragging of Columns and Rows
For column, you use the right mouse pad button to
drag the column to the desired location. Right or left mouse pad button to drag
a column.
For rows, you hold down the control key as
you drag a row to a desired location.
NB. Keep looking at the cursor point and it will
change to four arrows.
Formatting of Cells
Select the cell, you may want to format. Go to the format
menu, and then choose cells and then click on the number tab in the
format cell dialogue box.
Calculation of subtotals
Go to the data menu, click on the subtotal
tab and there appear a command for subtotal for anything you want to
add up before you add up grand total.
Calculation of Absolute Tax
For example, if you purchase a computer for 800
Sudanese Pounds and there is an 8.9 percent sale tax. How much do you have to
pay for the sales tax? In this example, you want to find 8.9 percent of 800
Sudanese Pound.
A Column
B Column
Purchase Price [X-axis value ]
|
Sales Tax[Y-axis value] in decimal point
|
800 Sudanese Pounds
|
0.089 This
is equivalent to 71.20 Pound in currency
|
Formula=A2*B2 and then hit an enter key for an
answer
|
Description[result 800 Sudanese pounds by 0.089 to
find out the amount of sales tax to (71.20 Sudanese Pounds)]
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Total: 871.20 in Pound
Value in Sale
Note: To convert a
number in percentage format to a decimal point, divide it by 100. For example,
the sales tax in this example (8.9) by 100 percent=0.089
A) Formula for division=A3/B3 and then hit an enter
key for answer
b) Formula for Addition=A3+B3 and then hit an enter
key for answer
c) Formula for Subtraction=A4-C5 and then hit an
enter key for answer
d) Formula for Multiplication=A3*B3 and then hit an
enter key for answer
Inserting in of a Charts and Graphs
Go to Insert menu, and select Chart
and choose XY (scatter) as you type. Select what kind of lines you want. Follow
the wizard to create whatever axis labels you want, or if you do not need
labels, just hit next a lot. At the end of the wizard click finish and your
graph appears.
Sorting of Columns and Rows
Well, Excel makes it easy to sort a range of values.
You might not think of sorting spreadsheet values, but it can come in handy;
sorting can help alphabetize a column or row names.
Go to data menu, and select sort and
there dialogue box appears. Click on the Options button in the sort
dialogue box
a) Select
sort top to bottom or left to right in the dialogue for either columns or rows
Click Ok in the sort option dialogue box or
you can choose Ascending or descending to determine the sort
order.
Exercise…………..See page 189 in the textbook
SHOPPING AT SUPPERMART
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ITEMS
|
COST
(IN POUND CURRENCY)
|
NUMBER BOUGHT
|
FINAL PRICES
(IN POUND CURRENCY)
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Cat food
|
0.40
|
10
|
4.00
|
Milk
|
0.38
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6
|
2.28
|
Loaf
|
0.93
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2
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1.86
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Pasta
|
0.49
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3
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1.47
|
Water Melon
|
1.30
|
2
|
2.60
|
Lemonade
|
0.89
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3
|
2.67
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Total
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IV.)
MICROSOFT OFFICE POWERPOINT
Opening of Power presentation is much similar to
opening of word processing and Excel as well. Simply go to start menu, and
click on that All Program, and follow that arrow until you see Microsoft
Office. Under the Office, you will see a list of tab and there click on the Ms
PowerPoint tab.
Uses of Presentation’s Slide
Allows users to incorporate all kinds of creative
backgrounds on the slides
-Nice
background will make slides look presentable and more readable.
With PowerPoint, you can add or place photos into
slide template and other graphics and project them to the board.
Inserting in of background
Go to format menu, and click on the
background tab from the task pane. As background dialogue box appear, select a
desired color that can be used temporarily as a background.
Inserting in of “design template”
Go to format menu, and click on the slide
design from the task pane and there dialogue box appear. Choose from the style
template of what “design template” you want to use as a background for your
presentation.
Inserting in of color scheme
Go to format menu, and click on the ‘slide design’
from the task pane and under slide design tab, you would be able to choose
color scheme tab, where you could pick any color you wanted to use as a
background
Inserting in of ‘new slide’
Go to Insert menu from the standard bar
and click on the ‘new slide’ tab to create another slide to write on.
Terminology in PowerPoint
1) Slides—the
individual pages of a presentation. They may contain text, graph, clip art,
tables, drawings, and animation, video-clips, visuals from other applications
2) Note
page---are pages that has a small image of the slide plus any types notes. You
can print those pages and use them to prompt you during presentation.
3) Handouts---are
smaller version of your slides that can be printed: 2, 3, 6 and 9 to a page.
They provide backup materials for your audients and can be customized with a
company name or logo.
4) Outline…..is
a useful overview of your presentation’s structure, this has the slide title
and main text, but no art work or drawing
5) Objects---are
texts or graphs, tables, word art, clip art pictures, chart and sounds that you
can place on the slide in a PowerPoint
Exercise 16…….See Page
238 in the textbook
V.)
MICROSOFT OFFICE ACCESS
-“Is a database that is
used to store names, addresses, and data to run a business such as suppliers,
stock, customers, staff, etc.”
Terminology in Access
that might be unfamiliar to you and below is a brief description of terms which
you will later encounter during the session as we go.
Terms
|
Definitions
|
Table
|
‘All the data on one topic is stored in a table.
In a simple database, you might have only one table. More complex area ones
may consist of several tables (p159).”
|
Record
|
“The data for a single item in your table, e.g the
details relating to one book in a library table (p159).”
|
Field
|
“A piece of data within a record, e.g in book’s
record, things like ISBN, Title, or author( p159)”
|
Relationship
|
“Links the details in one table to the detail in
another e.g through the ISBN(p159)”
|
Join
|
“The process of linking tables or queries,(p159).”
|
Data
definition
|
“The process of defining what data will be stored,
specifying the field’s type (number, text, etc.), size and how it is related
to data in other table (pg159).”
|
Data Manipulation
|
“Work done on an existing database e.g sorting it
into an order, extracting records from tables, or listing detail from several
tables in one report (pg159).”
|
Library Database
example
Book Table
ISBN
|
Title
|
First
Name
|
Last
Name
|
Price
|
Year
|
Publisher
code
|
0-123-12345-1
|
The Planets
|
Joe
|
Simpson
|
15.00
|
1999
|
1001
|
0-321-54321-1
|
Outdoor Cooking
|
Angela
|
Armstrong
|
7.50
|
2003
|
1025
|
0-111-22222-3
|
The Kitchen Garden
|
Brian
|
22.00
|
1975
|
1100
|
|
0-222-11111-3
|
Corvette
|
Karen
|
Andrews
|
10.50
|
1985
|
1250
|
Access Objects
An Access database
consists of objects that can be used to input, display, interrogate, print and
automate your work. These objects are listed in the database window. The ones
we will be using are:
·
Tables---“the
most important objects in your database. Tables hold your data and are used for
data entry and editing. They display data in a datasheet.”
·
Queries—“used
to locate specific records in your tables using various criteria, e.g overdue
books, or all science fiction books.”
·
Forms---“used
to provide an alternative and more user’s friendly front end to your table for
entering and editing records.”
·
Reports---“used
to produce various printed outputs from the data in your database.”
Creating
of Tables
Ø Double-click
on wizard form to create a table
Ø Select
tables on the object box
Ø Click
New on the database window tool bar
Ø Select
design view
Ø Click
Ok
NB. In design
view, you can specify the field names, data types and any other properties you
think would be useful.
Primary Key---“is
the one that is the unique identifier in each table. In the table above, the
primary key in the book table is the ISBN and in the Publisher table, it is the
Publisher ID.”
Relationship
- Click
the relationship tool on the database tool bar at database window
- The
show table window should also be displayed ---if it not, click the show
table tool to display a list of tables
- Select
the tables to add to the relationship window and click add
- Click
close once you have added your tables
NB.
We need to create a relationship: a) Between the books and publisher table
using the publisher ID. With the tables related, we will be able to pull
information from more than one table at a time if necessary (pg 168)”
Relationship Types
1.
One-to-many
relationship---“This is the most common type of
relationship and for example, the Publisher table can have many matching
records in the Book table”.
2.
One-to-One
relationship---“This type of relationship may be
used when storing personal data, where you could have general information in
one table---i.e name, address, job title, and confidential information in
another, salary , bank details, etc.”
Referential
Integrity---“are rules that are followed to preserve the
defined relationship between table when you enter or delete records.
To Create a Relationship
- Click
on the field, you wish to relate to another table
- Drag
the field and drop it onto the field you wish to link it to in the
other table
3. At the Edit
relationship prompt dialogue box, select referential integrity (if
desired) and click create to establish a relationship
4. Click Ok
The lines running
between the fields linking the tables are called join lines
To delete an existing
relationship
1.
Click on the join type line, you
wish to remove to select it
2.
Press [Delete]
3.
Respond to prompt as required
-Save the changes made to the relationship
window if you wish to keep them and close the window when you have done.
Auto-Form
To create an Auto-Form for a table
- Select the
table you wish to use from the table list in the Database window, e.g.
Books, etc
- Click the
Field list tool to show the display of the field list
- Click the
toolbox tool
Form Wizard
- Select Forms
in the Object bar
- Double-click
create form by using wizard tab
- Select the
table or query you wish to use a field from
- Select the
field and click symbol forward (>)to add it to the selected
fields list
- Choose the
layout required and click Next
- Select a style
and then click Next
- Amend the
suggested Forms names if you wish
- Select Open
the form to view or edit information
- And finally
click on Finish
Report
Wizard
- Select Reports in the Object bar
- Double-click
on create report by using wizard
- Select the
book table and add all the fields to the selected field list and click
Next
- Specify the
grouping, e.g Classification, and click Next
- Set the
sort order, e.g Title, etc.
- Click Summary
Option
Exercise 3: See Page 206 in the
textbook
‘The Recipes table of records’
Main
Food
|
Title
|
Cooking(mins)
|
Portions
|
Calories
|
Cod
|
Code with Herbs
|
50
|
4
|
193
|
Tuna
|
Tuna bean salad
|
12
|
4
|
185
|
Red Pepper
|
Roast vegetable soup
|
90
|
8
|
150
|
Pasta
|
Pasta with pesto sauce
|
30
|
4
|
538
|
Banana
|
Banana ice-cream
|
30
|
4
|
250
|
Eggs
|
Chocolate Souffle
|
30
|
8
|
204
|
VI.)
What you need to know about Internet Usage
---Use MS Interactive audio since there is no Internet
connection. For procedure on how to get MS Interactive audio training:
a) Go to start menu, click on All Program Application tab
b) Proceeds up the task
pane until you see ‘Accessories’ and then click on MS Interactive
Audio training
First Step with the Internet
-To open your browser-------Please
Click on that Big letter (E) symbol Icon
--double-click the Internet Explorer
short-cut on your Desktop
--click the launch Internet Explorer
on the taskbar menu
Types of Internet Connection:
a)
DSL—means cable connection
b)
Dial-up---Means phone line connected
device
Web Addresses:
World Wide Web (WWW) and also there URL (Uniform
Resources Locator), which is the address of the page you wish to visit: Http://www.bbc.co.uk/ or http://www.bbc.com; http://www.bbc.co.ke, etc.
Home Page
-is the one that appears when you start Internet
Explorer
Search Engines/or Search Companions:
-Yahoo.com, Ask.com, google.com, excite.com, MSN, etc.
Email Components
1) Send
message 6) Copy Field (CC)
2) Inbox 7)
Blind Copy (BCC)
3) Compose
Message 8) Reply to
or Forward to Field
4) Attachment 9) Address
Book i.e contacts, email address
5) Subject
field 10)
Message area or field
·
Send Message---Click
on compose tab and then enter the address of recipient in the To
field space. Type in something in the Subject space and finally key in
the message you want to convey. Click on the Send tab
·
Inbox---Message
that you receive will be displayed in your inbox and also unread messages have
an icon beside them and read message have no message
·
Reply to/Forward a Message---
¨ Open
the message if necessary
¨ To
reply a message , click reply or reply all when your message is displayed on
the screen
Or
§ Forward
a Message---to forward a message to someone else, click
forward
·
Enter the address details as required
·
Type in your reply or message
·
Click send
·
Attachments----If
you want to send a report or a holiday snap or pictures to your colleagues and
family, you can send them in a form of attachment.
--Basically you click
on add/edit attachment button
tab when your message is displayed and click on browse tab and there you should
be prompt dialogue when it will ask you to click on attach to add your file or
documents you wanted to send to the list of attachments.
--Repeat this step
until document or file is attached and finally click on Ok
·
Address book---Select
the contacts tab; click New contacts and also be able to complete the
quick contact information as required and finally click on Ok button
TO, CC, and BC
The TO:
is the field for those that you want to send a message
The blind copy
(BCC)—is the field for sending a blind copy to i.e Reng-James@hotmail.com; Ajak-Simon@yahoo.com, etc.
CC field---is
an area for those messages you intend to send a copy to so they know what is
going on e.g Athil-Atem@gmail.com; Pawuoi-Aguong@gmail.com; ajith-manyok@gmail.com, etc.
Bibliography/or Works Cited:
Manning, Lynn. (2006) Computing for Beginners:
The Basics Explained in Plain English. Author
House Publisher, Bloomington , Indiana
(USA
Stephen,
Moira.(2003) Teach Yourself: Basic Computer Skills. McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc(USA ) and
Hodder Education Publisher(UK
And this is NOT bad PC-Tutorial guide.
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